MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) is an enzyme that converts folate into 5-MTHF.  This vital conversion takes place early in the methylation cycle.   

A SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) is a variation in a gene sequence that can result in the under functioning of a gene.

MTHFR can have a SNP in the coding which correlates to under functioning of the methylation cycle.  In fact it can have two SNP's MTHFR 677 and MTHFR 1298.  Depending on the combination of these SNP's, this under functioning could be significant.

However, there are also other points within the methylation cycle and its off-shoots that can be compromised by SNP's. These include MTR, MTRR, MTHFD1, DHFR, CBS, COMT, FUT2 and TCN2.

The point to make here, without getting any more complex, is that Methylation is a cycle.  It goes through a number of processes to reach its end goal.  To understand the efficacy of this process, we need to assess all the genes involved.    

There is no doubt that MTHFR has a significant impact and is a well researched gene.  If we just test for this, we are getting very useful information.  However, if we wish to understand and optimize methylation, then we need a complete picture.  This involves  testing all the clinically relevant genes that we know have an impact on methylation function.

This understanding of the inter-connectedness of methylation genes can now be expanded out further.  Methylation impacts every other system within the body.  When we assess complete functional genetic profiles such as the myDNA Comprehensive Health Report, we begin to see these web-like fingers that branch out to affect other organs and systems.  Which in turn can be impacted by their own specific SNP's.  

Only the SNP's that meet the threshold for clinical relevance are included in these profiles.  In summary, my suggestion is that you get the most comprehensive DNA test that is currently available in order to understand and optimize your health.

Methylation is a reaction in which a methyl group (CH3) is attached to another molecule.

We be healthy and well, it is vital that we are able to methylate efficiently. 
Methylation is responsible for:

• Gene expression.  This is a regulatory process that turns genes "on" or "off"
• DNA and protein synthesis (ie, cellular regeneration and repair)
• Energy production.  Methylation supports mitochondrial function
• Metabolism of  hormones, neurotransmitters and heavy metals
• Optimal fertility.  Methylation plays a crucial role in DNA replication, cell differentiation, embryonic development and fetal programming

In order to support healthy methylation, we need a DNA test that looks at the entire methylation cycle.  This gives us all the current information on where we need to intervene (if at all).

The science of nutrigenomics studies the interaction between dietary components of food and our genes. Every individual has a unique genetic profile, and through our understanding of nutrigenomics we now understand that promoting good health through food, will be different for each person.

With the completion of the human genome project and the latest nutritional science, it’s clear that nutrigenomics is no longer the future of medicine. It’s here today. And it’s being applied by cutting-edge health experts worldwide everyday.

There are two ways we can use the information from a genetic test to improve health.

First, we look at common variations found throughout the human genome to explain why some individuals respond differently than others to the same nutrients. For example, why some people can eat a higher fat diet with no adverse consequences and others cannot. 

The second approach that nutrigenomics researchers use is to investigate how nutrients and components in food turn genes on or off.  Whole Body Health Genetic Testing focuses on the genes that we know impact important metabolic pathways in the body. Once you have the genetic testing information, these compromised pathways are identified. The final and most beneficial step being the dietary and lifestyle information on how to switch on or off the gene expression as necessary.

This is the science of epigenetics – the understanding that gene expression can be changed through diet and lifestyle.

The key to making the testing useful is in the interpretation of the results. Once we know the pathways that have the potential to initiate disease, the logical next step is to implement changes to the diet and lifestyle in order to mitigate these. This is where a Naturopath comes in, to prioritize, and to help you understand the often quite simple changes you need to make to stay well.

Genomic testing is a science, and there are many tests available on the market.  Some provide very useful information, and many others do not.  Genetic testing is a once only test, and you want to  know that you are getting the information you need to get well or stay well.  In order to get the full benefit of the testing you need to ensure:

• You use a certified lab with quality control measures in place
• The testing only reports on the genes that have research to back their impact on health                    (the rest is just fluff that is confusing and gets in the way of what is important)
• You have a healthcare professional to interpret the results for you.

Vanessa Winter
BHSc (High Dist.), BEd, Dip.Nat., Dip.Herb.Med., NMHNZ
​SmartGENES Naturopathic Clinic